A recent review highlighted current preclinical and human research examining allergen-specific immunotherapy via the transcutaneous method, as well as a justification for the use of modified allergens with lower allergenicity. It also discussed methods for creating hypoallergenic conjugates for particular dendritic cell targeting. Specific immunotherapy using allergens applied to the skin was shown to be effective and safe in both animal models and clinical studies. Localized adverse effects, however, were recorded, and antigen transport through barrier-disrupted skin was associated with the generation of undesired T helper 2-biased immune responses and allergic sensitization. The combination of carbohydrates and allergens was found to stimulate the production of nanoparticles, which could precisely target dendritic cells and enhance immunological responses, as well as render the molecules hypoallergenic by masking B-cell epitopes.
The skin is an appealing target tissue for innovative and improved immunotherapeutic methods due to its abundance of immunocompetent cells. Transcutaneous immunotherapy, on the other hand, necessitates the use of formulations with low allergenic potential in order to minimize adverse events and therapy-induced sensitizations. The combination of innovative hypoallergenic conjugates and painless transcutaneous vaccination procedures may provide an efficient and patient-friendly alternative to current specialized immunotherapy treatments.
