To investigate the expression levels of thymocyte selection related high mobility group proteins (TOX) and different inhibitory receptors in peripheral blood CD8T cells of patients with aplastic anemia (AA), and to conduct correlation analysis. From September 2019 to November 2020, 27 AA patients in the Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were retrospectively selected, including 21 males and 6 females, with a median age [ (, )] of 48 (30, 72) years. Thirty-three healthy controls, included 17 males and 16 females, with a median age of 46 (27, 69) years. The expression levels of TOX, programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T-cell immune receptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), perforin and granzyme B in peripheral blood CD8T cells from AA patients and healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry. The correlation between TOX expression levels and different inhibitory receptors was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The expression levels of TOX, PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, perforin, and granzyme B in peripheral blood CD8T cells of AA patients were 47.33%(41.47%, 56.61%), (30.61±12.37)%, (39.94±10.84)%, (6.21±3.40)%, (51.45±20.21)%, (71.32±22.46)%, and (52.39±23.99)%, respectively, which were higher than those of healthy controls 27.32%(21.64%, 46.96%), (21.29±10.01)%, (21.11±3.00)%, (1.31±0.34)% (30.80±13.40)%, (46.72±22.53)%, (21.75±16.43)% (all <0.05). The expression level of TOX in CD8T cells was positively correlated with the expression levels of PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, perforin, and granzyme B (=0.49, 0.65, 0.70, 0.54, 0.58, 0.48, all <0.05). The expression levels of TOX and different inhibitory receptors on peripheral blood CD8T cells in AA patients are higher than those in the healthy control group, and the expression levels of TOX and different inhibitory receptors are positively correlated.