Research on infectious diseases (ID) is crucial for enhancing public health worldwide. Often, it is physician-scientists who spearhead these medical breakthroughs. However, the current workforce in infectious diseases faces significant challenges. In this perspective, we address these challenges and propose strategies to bolster the physician-scientist workforce in ID. Tracing the history of ID research from the dawn of the modern era to the present, we highlight the unique contributions of physician-scientists and groundbreaking discoveries that have shaped human health. We underscore the role of ID research in unraveling disease mechanisms and developing treatments and vaccines that promote public health and prevention measures. We emphasize the ongoing need for ID research due to the persistence of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, the development of antimicrobial resistance, and longstanding infectious threats such as HIV and influenza. By analyzing the current landscape and challenges of the physician-scientist workforce in ID, we shed light on existing gaps and economic realities in academic medicine. We draw attention to the status of the ID field, which is often overshadowed by other medical specialties. We advocate for a shift in focus from intervention in response to outbreaks to sustained prevention and preparedness efforts. We delve into hurdles physician-scientists face, such as limited funding opportunities, inadequate training and mentorship programs, and insufficient research and clinical practice integration. To strengthen the physician-scientist workforce, we present a comprehensive roadmap. This includes increasing funding opportunities, developing robust training programs, enhancing mentorship and career development, promoting collaboration and interdisciplinary research, broadening the definition of research, identifying unmet needs, and improving recognition and reward systems. Here, we highlight the critical importance of a well-supported physician-scientist workforce in ID research. We call for immediate action to implement the proposed strategies and ensure the continuous advancement of infectious diseases research and patient care.
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