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For patients with HIV, many factors may influence medication adherence throughout multiple points of their disease course.

Non-adherence can be classified as intentional or unintentional and affects clinical outcomes to varying degrees. Identifying and addressing issues such as costs, lack of understanding about medication and how to take it, negative attitudes toward medications, and limited access to healthcare that may adversely affect compliance is critical to improving outcomes. For patients with HIV, one or all these factors may influence medication adherence throughout multiple points of their disease course.

An abundance of literature has established that patients actively involved in their healthcare are more inclined to have improved outcomes and effective professional and patient communication. Establishing a good professional and patient relationship is integral to quality healthcare. For example, a rapid review published in BMC Health Services Research noted that effective communication between healthcare professionals and older patients positively impacts patient-centered outcomes, such as patient satisfaction, quality of care, QOL, and physical and mental health.

Sometimes, patients may forget to ask questions or be apprehensive during office visits. Findings from a 2021 survey revealed that many Americans experience challenges understanding or remembering medical information discussed during office visits.

A Clinician’s Perspective

“I encounter patients who are non-compliant with their medications for various reasons. Some patients never fill or pick up new prescriptions due to the cost. Some don’t adhere due to the complexity of drug regimens, especially when they must take multiple medications several times a day. Others stop taking medications because they no longer believe they need the medication or dislike the adverse effects. I encourage patients to discuss these issues and never to stop taking medications without consulting their clinician. I find that once-a-day formulations, when available, and simplifying drug regimens when feasible, can improve patient adherence.”

Improving Patient Outcomes

The clinician-patient relationship can have a profound effect on health outcomes. By improving communication and fostering confidence in the delivery of healthcare, clinicians can use shared decision-making measures that have the potential to motivate patients to be actively involved in improving their health by asking questions, encouraging them to follow the recommended treatment plans, setting realistic patient-centered goals, and informing patients about the numerous resources available to them including education, support, and cost savings programs.