Opthamology

Glaucoma, an irreversible blinding condition affecting 3–4% adults aged above 40 years worldwide, is set to increase with a rapidly aging global population. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma...

The ocular lens is a unique tissue that contains an age gradient of cells and proteins ranging from newly differentiated cells containing newly synthesized proteins to cells and proteins that are as old as the organism. Thus,...

Contact lenses represent a widely utilized form of vision correction with more than 140 million wearers worldwide. Although generally well-tolerated, contact lenses can cause corneal infection (microbial keratitis), with an...

The three interacting components of the outer blood-retinal barrier are the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and Bruch’s membrane, the extracellular matrix that lies between them. Although previously...

This paper reviews current knowledge of the evolution of the multiple genes encoding proteins that mediate the process of phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors of vertebrates. The approach primarily involves molecular...

Degeneration of specific retinal neurons in diseases like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Currently, there is no therapy to modify the...

Age-related diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are of growing importance in a world where population ageing has become a dominant global trend. Although a wide variety of risk factors for AMD have been...

This study states that Neuroretinal rim thinning (NRR) is a characteristic glaucomatous optic disc change. However, the precise mechanism of the rim thinning has not been completely elucidated. This review focuses on the...

This study was performed to understand Transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp), an extracellular matrix protein, is the second most abundant protein in the corneal stroma. In this review, we summarize the current...

This study states that The choroid is one of the most vascularized structures of the human body and plays an irreplaceable role in nourishing photoreceptors. As such, choroidal dysfunction is implicated in a multitude of ocular...

Due to improved phenotyping and genetic characterization, the field of ‘incurable’ and ‘blinding’ inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) has moved substantially forward. Decades of ascertainment of IRD patient data from Philadelphia...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been a technological breakthrough in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of many retinal diseases, thanks to its resolution and its ability to inform of the...

This study states that The core mechanism of dry eye is the tear film instability. Tear film-oriented diagnosis (TFOD) is a concept to clarify the cause of tear film instability by tear film, and tear film-oriented treatment...

This study states that When analyzing vitreal drug delivery, or the pharmacological effects of drugs on intraocular pressure, or when interpreting outflow facility measurements, it is generally accepted that the fluid in the...

This study states that Iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion (IOAO) is a rare but devastating ophthalmic disease that may cause sudden and permanent visual loss. Understanding the possible etiologic modalities and pathogenic...

This review summarizes our current knowledge of primate including human retina focusing on bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells and their connectivity. We have two main motivations in writing. Firstly, recent progress in...

This study states that Alterations in ocular blood flow have been identified as important risk factors for the onset and progression of numerous diseases of the eye. In particular, several population-based and longitudinal-based...

Macromolecules comprise only 2% of vitreous, yet are responsible for its gel state, transparency, and physiologic function(s) within the eye. Myopia and aging alter collagen and hyaluronan association causing concurrent gel...

This study states that The ABCA4 protein (then called a “rim protein”) was first identified in 1978 in the rims and incisures of rod photoreceptors. The corresponding gene, ABCA4, was cloned in 1997, and variants were identified...

This study states that Physiological equilibrium in the retina depends on coordinated work between rod and cone photoreceptors and can be compromised by the expression of mutant proteins leading to inherited retinal degeneration...