Photo Credit: KucherAV

The following is a summary of “High Omega-3, Low Omega-6 Diet With Fish Oil for Men With Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance: The CAPFISH-3 Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in the December 2024 issue of Oncology by Aronson et al.    

Men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer are interested in dietary changes or supplements to prevent disease progression, including the potential impact of a high omega-3, low omega-6 fatty acid diet and fish oil capsules (D + FO) on tumor proliferation.  

Researchers conducted a prospective study to determine whether a high omega-3, low omega-6 fatty acid D + FO decreases proliferation (Ki-67) in prostate biopsies over 1 year in men with prostate cancer on AS.  

They conducted a phase II randomized trial in which 100 men with grade group 1 or 2 prostate cancer who elected AS were assigned to either a D + FO or a control group. Prostate biopsies were taken at baseline and 1 year. The primary endpoint was the change in the Ki-67 index (a marker of cell proliferation) from baseline to 1 year, comparing the groups.  

The results showed that the Ki-67 index decreased by approximately 15% in the D + FO group (from 1.34% at baseline to 1.14% at 1 year) and increased by about 24% in the control group (from 1.23% at baseline to 1.52% at 1 year), with a significant difference between the groups (95% CI, 2% to 52%, P=.043), with no significant difference in secondary outcomes, including grade group, tumor length, Decipher genomic score, or prostate-specific antigen (PSA).  

They concluded that a high omega-3, low omega-6 D + FO for 1 year significantly reduced Ki-67, supporting future trials in men on AS for prostate cancer.  

Source: ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.24.00608