Allergic rhinitis and allergy are complicated diseases that are caused by both hereditary and environmental factors. The use of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) has sped the search for novel and intriguing genes, as well as verified the function of certain previously discovered genes that may be implicated in the aetiology of allergic rhinitis and allergies. The goal of this study is to offer an overview of the genetic basis of allergic rhinitis and the allergy phenotypes associated with it, with a special emphasis on GWASs. More than 20 GWASs of allergic rhinitis and the related allergy phenotypes have been published in the recent decade. Allergic illnesses and characteristics appear to share a significant number of genetic susceptibility loci, with IL33/IL1RL1, IL-13-RAD50, and C11orf30/LRRC32 being essential for more than two allergic phenotypes. GWASs have shown much more genetic diversity underpinning allergy symptoms.
Large-scale genome-wide association studies are being conducted in order to identify novel susceptibility variants for allergic rhinitis and allergy symptoms. Characterization of the underlying genetics gives us information into possible targets for future investigations and treatments.
