Psoriatic disease is associated with a multitude of comorbidities such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus depression1. During the IFPA 2024, Prof. Philip Mease, MD, from the University of Washington, focused on obesity and fibromyalgia and their impact on psoriatic arthritis2.
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials showed that reduction of weight using lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise regimens, led to improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI -2.59; 95% CI -4.09 to -1.09; P<0.001) and proportions of patients who achieved greater than or equal to 75% improvement in PASI (risk ratio 1.47; 95% CI 1.27–1.69). Furthermore, the risk for developing psoriatic arthritis is associated with an increasing BMI3. A further cohort study assessed this risk using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink including 90,189 incident cases of psoriasis and 1,409 cases with subsequent psoriatic arthritis diagnosis4. This analysis showed that people with psoriasis and a BMI of 25–29.9, 30–34.9, and greater than or equal to 35 have increased odds of developing psoriatic arthritis compared with people with a BMI of less than 25 (1.79; 95% CI 1.46–2.19; 2.10; 95% CI 1.67–2.63; and 2.68; 95% CI 2.09–3.43; P<0.001 for all comparisons). Furthermore, this cohort analysis also showed that BMI reduction over time was associated with reducing the risk for developing psoriatic arthritis.
What can be done for patients with psoriatic disease and comorbid obesity? Prof. Mease considers that GLP-1 receptor agonists could be a solution2. “I think it’s a ripe field for looking at the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonist along with one of our traditional immunomodulatory medications compared with the immunomodulatory medication alone and seeing whether there is a difference. Either an additive or a synergistic effect, to then lead to dual therapy.”
Fibromyalgia can also be a comorbidity of psoriatic arthritis and can lead to adverse outcomes. A small cohort study compared patients with psoriatic arthritis with/without fibromyalgia5. Compared with patients with psoriatic arthritis alone, approximately higher scores related to disease activity that were doubled (P<0.01) were present in patients with concomitant fibromyalgia, although PASI scores and swollen joint counts were similar. Interestingly, the proportions of patients with minimal disease activity were higher in patients without fibromyalgia (43.3% vs 0%; P=0.003). These results were confirmed in a larger study with 4,250 patients with psoriatic arthritis6. This study further found that fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain are associated with women, worse physical function, obesity, number of comorbidities, axial psoriatic arthritis, and depression/anxiety.
To manage pain in rheumatic disease, Prof. Mease recommends non-pharmacologic interventions such as psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, conditioning exercises, physiotherapy, and patient education. As well as pharmacologic interventions such as immunomodulatory drugs and non-narcotic/neuromodulatory drugs like antidepressants, anticonvulsants, gabapentin, pregabalin, and analgesics, paracetamol, while narcotics should be avoided altogether2.
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