The studies showed an increase in respiratory symptoms and a decrease in spirometric indices in nonsmoking employees in these industries. In order to set criteria for safe working exposures, further research is needed to explore the link between exposure length and these employees, as well as to identify the duration and reversibility of effects. Outdoor labor with exposure to traffic pollution has been shown to have a substantial influence on airway function and respiratory symptoms. More study is needed to validate these correlations and define criteria for safe outdoor work in urban environments. Interns may promote resident wellness by being integrated into the department sooner and helping to spread the workload for senior residents. Challenges include a lack of exposure to fundamental surgical knowledge and abilities, a lack of camaraderie with general surgery colleagues, and difficulty grading trainees who spend a small amount of time in urology departments. Overall, the modification appears to be beneficial to urological training.
Reference:link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11934-020-00996-x
