In patients aged 60 or younger with intermediate-risk AML, primary allogeneic HCT during first complete
remission was not linked with superior overall survival, compared with consolidation
chemotherapy during the first complete remission, according to a study published in JAMA Oncology.
Martin Bornhäuser, MD, and colleagues conducted an open-label, two-armed, phase 3 randomized
clinical trial that evaluated patients at 16 hospitals. Eligibility criteria included
cytogenetically defined intermediate-risk AML, or first complete remission with incomplete blood
cell count recovery after conventional induction therapy, and availability of a human leukocyte
antigen (HLA)–matched sibling or unrelated donor. A total of 143 patients with AML who fulfilled
the eligibility criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive allogeneic HCT or high-dose cytarabine.
Researchers observed that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) conducted during
the first complete remission was linked with notably higher disease- free survival (69% vs 40%) but
similar overall survival versus consolidation chemotherapy and
allo-HCT only in relapse.
